Wireless Power Transmission

W P T

• The transmission of energy from one place to another and without using wires.
• Conventional energy transfer is using wires.
• But, WPT is made possible by  various technologies...

History

• Nikola Tesla in late 1890 s
• Pioneer of induction techniques
• His vision for World wireless systems
• The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast
• All people can have access to free energy
• Due to shortage of funds, tower did not operate
• Tesla was able to transfer energy one cell to another coil
• He managed to light 200 lamps from distance of 40 km
• The idea of Tesla taken in to  research after by team led by Marin Soljacic from MIT. is named as  "WiTricity"

Why not wireless???

1. As per studies, most electrical energy transfers through wires.
2. Most of the energy  loss is during transmission 
3. On an average, more than 30%
4. In India, it exceeds 40% 

Why   W P T ???

• Reliable
• Efficient
• Fast
• Low maintenance cost
• can used for short-range or long-range

How safe is   W P T ????

• Human beings or other objects placed between the transmitter and receiver do not hinder the  transmission of power.
• Magnetic field tend to interact very weakly with biological tissues of the body, and so are not  cause any damage to any living being.

W P T   Basics :-

There are mainly  3 major types of wireless energy transfer

• Short range  -  INDUCTIVE COUPLING
• Medium range  -  RESONANT INDUCTION
• Long range  -  ELECTROMAGNETIC  WAVE

TYPES OF  WPT

1. Ground based power transmission
2. Space based power transmission

But Space-based power transmission is preferred based transmission

Ground is cheaper per noontime watt, but:

• Space gets  full power 24 hours a day
• 3X or more Watt-hours per day per peak watt
• No storage required for night time  -  Space gets full power 52 weeks a year
• Space delivers power where it's needed
• Best  ground solar sites (deserts) are rarely users  - space takes up less, well, space
• Rectennas  are 1/3 to  1/10 the area of ground arrays
• Rectennas can share land with farming or other uses.

SOLAR POWER SATELLITE (SPS)

Solar power satellite (sps) have proposed to collect solar energy in space and beam it  down to the earth.

Why to use SPS ???

• There is no air in space, so the satellite would receive some what more  intense sunlight, unaffected by weather.
• The SPS concept simple than most power systems here on  earth.
• SPS does not use up valuable surface area on the earth.
• Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected in space, it can be collected 24 hours per day. 

Four basics steps involved in the conversion of solar energy into electricity and delivery are

 

HOW SPS Works???

ADVANTAGES

• Unlimited energy resource
• Energy delivered  any ware in the world
• Zero fuel cost
• Zero CO2  emission
• Minimum  long-range environmental impact
• Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected 

Dis advantages

• Launch costs
• Capital cast even given cheap  launchers
• Possible health hazards
• Would require a network of hundred of satellite
• The size of the antennas and rectennas
• Interference with communication satellites. 

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Contents

• Civil engineering.....?
• History...?
• Civil engineers...?
• Major area of the specialization
• 7  wonders of civil engineering

Civil engineering...?

At last but not least-----

• It controls the environment for maintenance and improves the quality of life.
• Broadest  field of life engineering trade. 

History

• In ancient it was  used  as surveying  for flood  prediction.
• "JOHN SMEATON" was first civil engineer in 1761
• Seven wonders of the world are all the feats of civil engineering.
• Statistics says that - Civil engineers saved more lives  then all the doctors in the history by the development  clean water & sanitation system
• "IIT Roorkee"  (1847)  is the second and college of engineering pune (1845) is the oldest  engineering college in ASIA.

Civil engineers...?  

    Civil engineers on e who-----

• Build the structure  that meet function, looks cost reliability specification.
• Solve regional pollution or environmental issues.
• Gives a new direction  to the world thorough his incredible ideas  & innovative construction.
• plan design and supervise construction of transportation systems, water systems and communication networks.

Major areas of specialization

• Town & country planning
• Environmental Engineering
• Geo-technical engineering
• Structural  engineering
• Transportation Engineering
• Water resources Engineering
• Bridge engineering
• Hydraulic Engineering
• Survaying Engineering
• Timber Engineering
• Construction  management

Town planning :-

• It integrates the land use planning  and transportation planning to improve the  built economic and social environment of communities.

Requirement

• Selection of proper site
• Survey
• Proper design of town
• Near from city, highway, Railway station, Airport. 

Importance

• make the life style  convenient & easier
• Makes best use of land capacity & resources to its maximum.
• Ensures the best living standard of the common man in town.

Wonders of civil engineering

World trade center, NEW YORK  :-

   

• Also known as the  WTC or the TWIN TOWERS
• Was complex of seven buildings in lower  Manhattan in New York city  before attack at sep 11, 2001

Tour Eiffel,PARIS :-

• It is an iron tower built beside the Seine River in Paris
• One of the most recognizable structures in the world
• A global icon of France.

Statue of LIBERTY,New York :-

• Liberty enlightening the world, commonly known as the Statue of Liberty
• Was presented to the United States by the people  of  France in 1886

Burj Al  Arab, DUBAI  :-

• The Burj Al Arab also known as Tower of the Arabs.
• It is the fourth tallest(321 m)  Hotel  in the world
• The Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 m out from  Jumeirah  beach.

   

INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Shift from the Agrarian world

• Agricultural revolution - New farming methods invented
• Lord Townshend in England introduced crop rotation - land could now be used year - round; certain crops revitalized soil
• Enclosure movement had large  land owners buying and then fencing public land
• Smaller farmers pushed off of land to work as wage laborers for various land owners or to move to the growing cities
• More food produced = population increase
• In 1700 there were about 100 million in Europe, by  1800 the population had grow to 190 million. 

Textile industry takes off

• Domestic system(cottage industry) had dominated the early 1700 s; Merchants dropped off raw materials at peoples homes, picked up finished products later.
• Series of inventions modernize textile manufacturing, including:
• 1733 - Flying Shuttle(John kay) -used to weave cloth
• 1760 - Spinning jenny (James Hargreaves) - Allowed for multiple threads to be woven  together
• 1769 - Water frame (Richard Arkwright) - Used water to power the spinning frame
• 1785 - Water loom (Edmund Cartwright) - First machine that could weave cloth
• These advancements resulted in the movement of work from the home to the factory.

Britain Industrializes First

• 1715  - 1850
• Many natural resources available in Britain, including large amount of coal and iron
• Geographical advantages include a large river system for water power and many natural harbors for easy  trade
• A strong, stable government allowed a strong, stable economy to  develop  which resulted in extra money to invest. 
• Colonial empire provided much needed raw materials  and markets
• Spreads to continental Europe, united states of america, and japan between 1850 and 1914

Changes  Brought  by  the  Industrial  Revolution

• Continuous reinvestment of profits fuel even grater growth
• Inventions  in one area often led to inventions in others
• Transportation  and communication systems are greatly enhanced
• Cities began to dominate the western world
• poor working conditions for lower classes  eventually lead to new social and political movements. 

Great inventions that changed or could change the world

Why we have chosen this problem

            Now a days we hear from every where that it is only one step to the end of the world, that everything the mankind  has done and invented, leads to the destruction of human civilization. 

So we decided

• To examine the problem from different sides,
• To analyze and compare the most famous, greatest and unusual inventions.

Television(1920 s)

                 The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by  Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird.It had been realized for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making  it possible to transmit  such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.

Computer(20th  century)

                 The computer has been another life-transforming  invention.British mathematician  Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mind-1830s. Now a whole generation has grown up with  calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information. 

Airplane(Early 19th century)

                 The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and bought distant lands withi easy reach of ordinary people.The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American wright brothers made the first flight in 1930.

Telephone(1876)

                  Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876.The following year, the great american inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working  telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered.

Comparative characteristics of the best and worst inventions of humanity

The best inventions :

• Bike (59%)
• transistor(8%)
• Electromagnetic induction(8%)
• PC (6%)
• Radio(5%)
• Internet(4%)

The worst inventions :

• Weapon(35%)
• Cell phone(17%)
• Nuclear energy(9%)
• TV(9%)
• Cigarettes(6%)
• Fast foods(3%)

The most ridiculous inventions of the 20th century

• 5. in 1954, spectacles for blind people were patented  in Britain, but during the presentation of the invention several people were injured.
• 4. in 1970, American physicist Robert Creek announced the establishment of an apparatus cable of taking samples of soil from..... the sun-a sun walker.Creek spent about $1.5 million for this invention.
• 3. in 1972, the Spanish camera man  Pinchot Jimenez tried to make the instrument for blowing out  a film.
• 2. in 1985, in  France,  a device for wine tasting in the cup was patented. It is poured the wine, and after a few seconds light comes on the dash board.
• 1. "Four-legged" tights. it is assumed that when a stocking is torn,  a women will hide it in the special pocket on the belt and get another stocking.

Conclusion

• During the existence of human civilization people invented different things; they were useful,harmful or ridiculous.
• Each invention has both positive and negative sides, so we cant calm that something is only useful but another is not.
• The worst invention that can lead  our world to the end is a weapon.